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Public issue of shares means the selling or marketing of shares for subscription by the public by issue of the prospectus. For raising capital from the public by the issue of shares, a public company has to comply with the provisions of the Companies Act, the Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956 including the Rules made thereunder and the guidelines and instructions issued by the concerned Government authorities, the Stock exchanges and SEBI etc.

When an issue or offer of securities is made to new investors for becoming a part of the company is called a Public Issue. The public issue can be of two types i.e Initial Public offer (IPO) and Further Public offer (FPO). A company can make an Initial Public Offer of equity shares and other security which may be converted into or exchanged with equity shares at a later date. When a company makes an issue of securities for the first time to the general public it is called Initial Public Offer or IPO. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuer’s securities in the Stock exchanges.The company issues such securities in order to run the business efficiently.

The IPO is very well known due to its high potential for earning in a very short period of time. It is issued in a primary market i.e direct from the companies when the fresh issue of shares is made by them.  Here are a few steps to purchase an IPO.

·         Demat account

An investor should have a demat account in any recognized bank to buy an IPO. Proper trading can only be done through a demat account. It is compulsory to have a bank account, a pan card, and an Andhar card to open a Demat account.

·         Purchase of Shares

If the trading is done offline then the person has to buy an application form from the broker and has to fill the required details. But if the trading is done online then the person has to login to the trading account and select the IPO which the person intends to buy.

·         Transfer of money.

The exact amount of money for the number of shares that one intends to purchase should be transferred either through cheque in case of offline mode or through the money should be transferred to the trading account from the banking account.

·         Transfer of Stock

The shares will be transferred to the investor will be sent to their Demat account. This transfer will be made only after full payment of the application or the application money has been paid to the company offering Initial Public offer

A issues company cannot make any public issue of securities unless a draft offer document has been filed with SEBI through a Merchant banker at least days prior to the registering of the prospectus with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) or filing the letter of the offer with the designated stock exchange. If SEBI specifies change on the draft prospectus within a specified number of days from the date of receipt, the company or the head manager to the issue shall carry out such changes in the draft prospectus or comply with the observations issued by SEBI before filing the Prospectus with ROC.

In spite of all the risks, it is usually noticed that IPOs attract potential investors as they are freshly issued by the company. The company offers these issues basically to raise capital for its business with the vision to expand it. Often the IPOs are taken up by underwriters. The underwriters use different methods to sell these issues to the public. In most of the cases, the underwriters buy these stocks at a loss. The underwriters offer a price called the offering price of the IPOs to the public or the different investment institutions.

IPOs can contain high risk for individual investors. So before investing in an IPO, a person should acquire full knowledge about the company, its whereabouts. The investor should have full acquire his confidence in the company before investing its hard earned money. The capital market has many ups and downs and keeps on fluctuating. So it is essential to verify before investing a large amount in the IPOs.

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India is expected to unveil only modest stimulus at this week's budget, a Reuters poll of analysts showed, despite it being the last before the next election, with government spending likely limited by longer-term efforts to trim the fiscal deficit. 

Fiscal consolidation was first proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in its maiden budget in fiscal 2014/15, aiming to break a long line of Indian governments that preferred to borrow and spend. 

But in following budgets, the timeframe for reaching a reduction to a 3.0 percent fiscal deficit target was pushed back. 

The latest Reuters poll shows the government is expected to delay the timeframe for hitting that target by another year, for the third year in a row, due to setbacks in the economic outlook. 

"As the current government will present its last full-year budget before the 2019 general elections, many in the market expect a heavier dose of populism. However, the government has limited financial resources to propose any targeted scheme for the poor," wrote Gautam Duggad, head of research at Motilal Oswal Securities, in a research note. 

"We also do not expect much relief on the tax front, except some reduction in the corporate tax rate for medium-sized companies." 

The government's own economic survey presented to parliament on Monday suggested that pushing further out the fiscal deficit target would give the economy some momentum. 

For the current fiscal year, the target is 3.2 percent and the government is unlikely to meet that as it has already overshot its full-year goal.With less than one quarter of the fiscal year left, the government is unlikely to meet its deficit target. 

Three-quarters of the 40 economists polled, based in India, Singapore and Europe, said that fiscal consolidation is likely to be Finance Minister Arun Jaitley's dominant theme when he unveils his budget on Thursday. 

Just under 10 percent of survey respondents said he will focus on boosting subsidies while about 18 percent expect a significant increase in borrowing and spending. 

Among those expecting a more populist budget are economists that say the government will announce new subsidies, such as loan waivers for farmers, an increase in healthcare spending, a cut to taxes on fuel and a ramp up in rural housing schemes. 

Some also said the focus on the potential budget provisions could address rising rural dissatisfaction shown by the increase in farmer protests and suicides across India. 

"We expect India's upcoming Union Budget to focus extensively on the agriculture sector, especially given that the government has only one year left in its current term and will want to boost its popularity before the next election," noted Kunal Kundu, India economist at Societe Generale. 

India's economy is forecast to grow by 6.6 percent in the current fiscal year, which would be its weakest since before a new calculation was introduced in fiscal 2014-15, a Reuters poll of economists found earlier in January.